The Characteristics of Musical Formant and Vocal Fold Vibration in the Classical and Western-Style Singers / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Professional singers have a particular "ringing" sound quality during singing, so called singer's formant. Two types of professional singers in Korea that sound very different are classical (pansori) and western style performers. The purpose of this research was to systematically analyze and compare the acoustic sound structure of both the speaking and singing voices of Korean classical singers (pansori). We also investigated the morphologic and vibratory characteristics of vocal folds using videostroboscopy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 24 classical singers and 29 western style singers were subjects. The formant frequencies, intensities and singing power ratio was evaluated for clarifying the existence of singing formant. Using laryngeal stroboscopy, the vibratory characteristics were evaluated. RESULTS: The all formant intensities were incraesed in the classical singers, but typical increase of third and fourth formant in the western style singers. The singing power ratio was smaller in the western style singers. Most of classical singers showed abnormal vibratory patterns. CONCLUSION: The western style singers have typical singing formant during singing, but not in the classical singers. Most of classical singers showed abnormal vibratory patterns of vocal folds during phonation, but usually normal vibration in the western style singers.

Two Cases of Intradermal Nevus of the External Auditory Canal / 대한이비인후과학회지

The intradermal nevus is composed of nevus cells which are usually referred to as the melanocytic nevi and is a form of benign cutaneous tumor. Although the intradermal nevi are common benign pigmented skin tumors, their occurrence within the external auditory canal is uncommon. The clinical and pathologic features of the intradermal nevus arising within the external auditory canal are presented, with a review of literature.

Immunohistochemical Localization of Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I in the Eustachian Tube of the Rat / 대한이비인후과학회지

Insulin-like growth factor-I(IGF-I) is a peptide hormone of approximately 7.5 kilodaltons which has been shown to be involved in cellular growth and differentiation. Because the IGF-I is synthesized in a variety of tissues, it is thought to act both locally in a paracrine/autocrine manner, as well as a true endocrine hormone after entering the circulation. It may be considered that IGF-I is very important for differentiation of bone, cartilage, and muscle. The eustachian tube has the function of ventilation, clearance, and protection of the middle ear, contributing to the maintenance of normal hearing. After the opening of eustachian tube, it may return to its original position by elasticity resulting from the recoil of elastic fiber, muscle itself, and other deformed soft tissues surrounding the tube. Previously we have studied the distribution of elastic fibers in the rat eustachian tube and ascertained enormous elastin in the cartilage of the eustachian tube. The maintenance of elasticity in the tubal cartilage, related to closing of the eustachian tube, has been suspected as one of important factors in the pathogenesis of otitis media. Rich13) previously described that IGF-I acts as a modulator of the elastogenesis, essential for stretch and recoil actions. However, the examination of the presence of IGF-I in the eustachian tube, especially cartilage may very important as one of factors for well functioning of the eustachian tube. This immunohistochemical study, the tubal cartilage has a considerable content of IGF-I in the capsule around the chondrocytes. The submucosal connective tissue layer of the eustachian tube contained some immunostained cells, considered to be fibroblasts. These findings suggest that IGF-I may be important for normal chondrocyte growth of rat eustachian tube.

Treatment of Inverted Papilloma: A Comparision of Extranasal Operation and Conservative Surgery Using Nasal Endoscope / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND: Inverted papilloma is a benign neoplastic lesion which shows high recurrence rate and possibility of association with malignancy. Medial maxillectomy has been preferred as a treatment of choice, for conservative treatments resulted in higher recurrence rate. However, introduction of nasal endoscope made more precise evaluation of intranasal lesion under brighter illumination. OBJECTIVES: Aim of this study was to compare the recurence rate between medial maxillectomy and conservative surgery using nasal endoscope. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty one patients who underwent operation between 1980 and 1995 were retrospectively studied. RESULTS: Fifteen patients were treated via external approach and sixteen patients endoscopically. Inverted papilloma was recurred in two cases of endoscopic surgery group and one case of external surgery group. CONCLUSION: Endoscopic conservative surgery can be an alternative surgical modality in the selected cases.